Diagramming Solutions for PrepTest 56

SEE MORE DIAGRAMS

Game 1

Step  1

Per the given scenario, we can write out the six elements to be placed - F, G, H, J, K, and L - and the six positions to be filled, in order.

Step 2

Per the third and fourth rules, we can create two separate frames, one in which we have J G L consecutively, and another in which we have J (one other element) L G consecutively.

Step 3

Per the first rule, we can notate on both frames that H comes after J. In the first frame, that means it must come after the entire J G L chain.

Step 4

Per the second rule, we can notate on both frames that K comes after G.

Step 5

We can notate that F is not directly restricted by any of the given rules.

Game 2 (Option 1)

Step 1

Per the given scenario, we can write out the four elements to be placed - G, H, J, and M, and the six positions to be filled, two each for groups R, S, and T.

Step 2

Per the first rule, we can notate the biconditional that G is assigned to S if and only if H is assigned to R, as well as the contrapositive.

Step 3

Per the second rule, we can notate that if J is assigned to T, M will be assigned to R, as well as the contrapositive.

Step 4

Per the third rule, we can notate that G and J cannot be grouped together.

Game 2 (Option 2)

Step 1

Per the given scenario, we can write out the four elements to be placed - G, H, J, and M, and the six positions to be filled, two each for groups R, S, and T.

Step 2

Per the first rule, we can create two frames, one in which G is assigned to S and H to R, and another in which G is not assigned to S and H is not assigned to R.

Step 3

Per the second rule, we can notate that if J is assigned to T, M will be assigned to R, as well as the contrapositive.

Step 4

Per the third rule, we can notate that G and J cannot be grouped together. We can infer from this that in frame 1 J can’t be in group S.

Game 3 (Option 1)

Step 1

Per the given scenario and the first rule, we can write out the four elements to be placed - M, O, S, and T - and we can lay out our six total assignments - three each in groups G and L. It’s helpful to notice that for each group only one of the four elements will not be chosen.

Step 2

Per the second rule, we can create two frames, one in which M and S are assigned to  G, and another in which M and S are assigned to L. Note that assigning M and S to one group does not exclude the possibility of M and S also appearing together in the other group.

Step 3

Per the third rule, we can infer that T can never be the element not selected. If T were not selected, O would have to be, in order to get us up to the three varieties that we would need, and we would then violate this third rule. Thus we can simply notate this rule by placing T into every group. And, with T placed, we no longer have a need to represent this rule conditionally.

Step 4

Per the fourth rule, in the second frame, we can place M into G.

Game 3 (Option 2)

Step 1

Per the given scenario and the first rule, we can write out the four elements to be placed - M, O, S, and T - and we can lay out our six total assignments - three each in groups G and L. It’s helpful to notice that for each group only one of the four elements will not be chosen.

Step 2

Per the second rule, we can create three frames, one in which M and S are assigned to G (but not assigned together to L), and another in which M and S are assigned to L (but not assigned together to G), and a third in which M and S are assigned to both G and L.

Step 3

Per the third rule, we can infer that T can never be the element not selected.  If T were not selected, O would have to be, in order to get us up to the three varieties that we would need, and we would then violate this third rule. Thus we can simply notate this rule by placing T into every group. And, with T placed, we no longer have a need to represent this rule conditionally.

Step 4

In the first frame, we have three elements - M, S, and O - left to fill two positions, and, per how we designed our frames, we know M and S can’t fill them together. So, the final two positions in frame 1 must be filled by O and either M or S.

Step 5

In the second frame, per the fourth rule, we need to place an M into group G. Since we can’t have M and S together in group G in this frame, the final position in group G must be filled by O.

Game 4 (Option 1)

Step 1

Per the given scenario, we can write out the elements to be placed - executives Q, R, S, T, and V, as well as the subsets to be placed - plants F, H, M, and we can lay out the positions to be filled, ordered first through third, and separated out by subset or element. For the executives, we can indicate that each site must get at least one executive.

Step 2

Per the first rule, we can notate that F must come before H.

Step 3

Per the second rule, we can notate that F will get exactly one assignment.

Step 4

Per the third rule,  we can notate that Q must come before both R and T.

Step 5

Per the fourth rule, we can notate that V cannot come before S.

Step 6

We can notate that plant M is not directly restricted by any of the given rules.

Game 4 (Option 2)

Step 1

Per the given scenario, we can write out the elements to be placed - executives Q, R, S, T, and V, as well as the subsets to be placed - plants F, H, M, and we can lay out the positions to be filled, ordered first through third, and separated out by subset or element. For the executives, we can indicate that each site must get at least one executive.

Step 2

Per the first rule, we can create two frames, one in which F is the first plant visited, and the second in which F is the second plant visited.  When F is the first plant visited, H or M could be second or third. When F is the second plant visited, H must be third and M first.

Step 3

Per the second rule, we can notate in both frames that F will have exactly one assignment.

Step 4

Per the third rule,  we can notate that Q must come before both R and T.

Step 5

Per the fourth rule, we can notate that V cannot come before S.

Step 6

We can note a small inference, per the third and fourth rules, that either Q or S must occupy the first slot in the first frame, and that we must, per the same reason, have a Q or S in the first group in the second frame as well. (Additionally, we could also split the first frame into two, one with Q as the only executive assigned to F, and the other with S as the only executive assigned to F.)

Step 7

We can notate that plant M is not directly restricted by any of the given rules.

More Information About The Trainer Logic Games Diagrams

These pages offer diagramming suggestions for every game that has appeared in every Logic Games section from PrepTests 52 through 81. Please keep in mind that there are many different ways to effectively diagram Logic Games, and it’s often a very subjective decision as to which inferences to notate, when to split diagrams, and so on.

One significant advantage of the Trainer diagramming methods is that they provide a universal diagramming system that you can use for any game that appears in the section. This is in contrast to most other LSAT learning systems, which separate games out into distinct categories, each with its own, and often conflicting, notational system.

General Suggestions on How to Diagram Logic Games

  1. Always read through the scenario and rules completely, and pause to mentally consider and visualize  the game, before setting pencil to paper.
  2. Think of all games in terms of elements to place and positions to place them into. Nearly every game places these positions into an order, into groups, or both.
  3. Whenever you find it useful, feel free to deal with the rules in an order that makes it most convenient for you to draw an effective diagram.
  4. Always be on the lookout for inferences—things that you can figure out by bringing information, such as rules, together. The purpose of your diagram is to, in fact, help you uncover inferences correctly, and these inferences (more so than the rules as they are given) are what determine right and wrong for the vast majority of problems.
  5. Look for opportunities to split up your game board into multiple frames - which are a set of diagrams that collectively represent all of the possibilities of a game. Most commonly, we can create frames around a very limited set of options for how to fill a certain position or positions (“either F or K must be third,” for example) or where to place an element or elements (“K must go first or last,” for example).
  6. Whenever you have trouble notating a rule clearly, don’t be afraid to write it out or provide as much detail as you feel necessary. Better to be safe than overly clever.
  7. When you are done with your diagram, evaluate your notations carefully and check them back against the scenario and rules as written. Make sure that you understand what your notations mean, and that they represent the given information correctly.

Table of Commonly Used Notations

Here is a downloadable and printable infographic that includes the symbols and notations that we will most commonly utilize to set up games. Please click to open full screen.

Diagramming LSAT Logic Games Infographic

The LSAT Trainer is available on Amazon and Apple iBooks, and in your local bookstore.

learn more    buy now    see reviews